《科学》（20240726出版）一周论文导读
编译｜李言
Science, 26 JUL 2024, Volume 385 Issue 6707
《科学》2024年7月26日，第385卷，6707期
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量子计算Quantum Computing
Operating semiconductor quantum processors with hopping spins
通过跳频自旋操控半导体量子处理器
▲ 作者：CHIEN-AN WANG, VALENTIN JOHN et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado5915
▲摘要：
在此，我们展示了通过设计具有位点依赖自旋量子化轴的量子点之间的自旋跳，可以用离散信号建立量子控制。我们展示了基于跳跃的量子逻辑，并获得了99.97%的单量子位门保真度，每跳99.992%的相干穿梭保真度和99.3%的双量子位门保真度，对应已经预测的允许量子纠错的错误率。
我们还通过统计映射10量子点系统的相干性，证明跳变自旋构成了一种调谐方法。我们的研究结果表明，分散布置的密集量子点阵列可以用于高效和高连接的量子比特寄存器。
▲ Abstract：
Here, we show that by engineering the hopping of spins between quantum dots with a site-dependent spin quantization axis, quantum control can be established with discrete signals. We demonstrate hopping-based quantum logic and obtain single-qubit gate fidelities of 99.97%, coherent shuttling fidelities of 99.992% per hop, and a two-qubit gate fidelity of 99.3%, corresponding to error rates that have been predicted to allow for quantum error correction. We also show that hopping spins constitute a tuning method by statistically mapping the coherence of a 10–quantum dot system. Our results show that dense quantum dot arrays with sparse occupation could be developed for efficient and high-connectivity qubit registers.
化学Chemistry
The sugar cube: Network control and emergence in stereoediting reactions
己糖立方：立体编辑反应中的网络控制和涌现
▲ 作者：HAYDEN M. CARDER, GINO OCCHIALINI et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp2447
▲摘要：
在此我们提出“网络控制”，这是一种对比范例，可以利用速率常数之间隐藏的相互作用放大适度的内在偏差，并实现精确的多站点编辑。
当网络控制应用于己糖的光化学异构化时，可以选择性地获得八种可能的非对映体中的六种。放大效应可以看作是介于简单化学系统的动力学控制和复杂生物系统的代谢调节之间的一种中尺度现象。
▲ Abstract：
We propose “network control,” a contrasting paradigm that exploits hidden interactions between rate constants to greatly amplify modest intrinsic biases and enable precise multisite editing. When network control is applied to the photochemical isomerization of hexoses, six of the eight possible diastereomers can be selectively obtained. The amplification effect can be viewed as a mesoscale phenomenon between the limiting regimes of kinetic control in simple chemical systems and metabolic regulation in complex biological systems.
材料科学Material Sciences
Borrowed dislocations for ductility in ceramics
借位错实现陶瓷拉伸塑性变形
▲ 作者：L. R. DONG, J. ZHANG et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp0559
▲摘要：
在此，我们提出了一种“借位错”的策略，该策略使用具有有序化学键的共格界面。这种方法使陶瓷通过界面调动大量来自金属的位错，大大提高了陶瓷的拉伸延展性，从而克服了陶瓷内部直接位错成核的挑战。这种策略为提高陶瓷的拉伸延展性提供了新方法。
▲ Abstract：
Here, we propose a “borrowing-dislocations” strategy that uses a tailored interfacial structure with well-ordered bonds. Such an approach enables ceramics to have greatly improved tensile ductility by mobilizing a considerable number of dislocations in ceramic borrowed from metal through the interface, thereby overcoming the challenge associated with direct dislocation nucleation within ceramics. This strategy provides a way to enhance tensile ductility in ceramics.
地球科学Earth Science
Fault size–dependent fracture energy explains multiscale seismicity and cascading earthquakes
断层大小相关的断裂能解释多尺度地震活动性和级联地震
▲ 作者：ALICE-AGNES GABRIEL, DMITRY I. GARAGASH et al.
▲链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj9587
▲摘要：
