《科学》（20240517出版）一周论文导读
Science, Volume 384, Issue 6697, 17 May 2024
《科学》，第384卷，6697期，2024年5月17日
化学Chemistry
Delocalized, asynchronous, closed-loop discovery of organic laser emitters
非定域、非同步、闭环有机激光发射器的发现
▲ 作者：FELIX STRIETH-KALTHOFF, HAN HAO, VANDANA RATHORE, JOSHUA DERASP, THéOPHILE GAUDIN, NICHOLAS H. ANGELLO, MARTIN SEIFRID, EKATERINA TRUSHINA, MASON GUY, AND ALáN ASPURU-GUZIK
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk9227
▲ 摘要：
最近在实验自动化和人工智能（AI）集成方面的进展为“自动驾驶实验室”奠定了基础，但它们仍然局限于简单的概念验证实验。
研究者引入了异步基于云的离域闭环（ACDC）发现的概念，以在单个发现活动中驱动多个地理分布的平台，其中每个单元作为独立的异步工作者运行，执行由中央AI实体计划的实验。
ACDC概念已经成功地应用于寻找具有最先进激光性能的有机固体激光增益材料，这是一个具有挑战性的科学问题，进展缓慢，从而展示了这种闭环运动的力量。
▲ Abstract：
Recent advances in experimental automation and integration with artificial intelligence (AI) have laid the foundation for so-called “self-driving labs,” but they remained limited to simple proof-of-concept experiments. Strieth-Kalthoff et al. introduced the concept of asynchronous cloud-based delocalized closed-loop (ACDC) discovery to drive multiple geographically distributed platforms in a single discovery campaign in which each unit operates as an independent, asynchronous worker executing experiments planned by a central AI entity. The ACDC concept has been successfully applied in the search for organic solid-state laser gain materials with state-of-the-art lasing performance, a challenging scientific problem with slow progress, thereby demonstrating the power of this closed-loop campaign.
Bandgap-universal passivation enables stable perovskite solar cells with low photovoltage loss
带隙通用钝化使稳定的钙钛矿太阳能电池具有低光电压损失
▲ 作者：YEN-HUNG LIN, VIKRAM, FENGNING YANG, XUE-LI CAO, AKASH DASGUPTA, ROBERT D. J. OLIVER, ALEKSANDER M. ULATOWSKI, MELISSA M. MCCARTHY, XINYI SHEN, AND HENRY J. SNAITH
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado2302
▲ 摘要：
金属卤化物钙钛矿太阳能电池的效率和寿命通常由非辐射缺陷介导的电荷重组决定。在这项工作中，我们展示了一种基于蒸汽的氨基硅烷钝化方法，可以将带隙在1.6到1.8电子伏之间的钙钛矿太阳能电池的光电压缺陷降低到约100毫伏（>热力学极限的90%），这对于串联应用至关重要。
伯胺、仲胺或叔胺硅烷单独对钙钛矿结晶度和电荷输运产生负面或几乎没有影响，但结合伯胺和仲胺的氨基硅烷的光致发光量子产率可提高60倍，并保持远距离传导。
氨基硅烷处理的器件在85℃的全光谱阳光和开路条件下，在相对湿度为50%至60%的环境空气中，保持95%的功率转换效率超过1500小时。
▲ Abstract：
The efficiency and longevity of metal-halide perovskite solar cells are typically dictated by nonradiative defect-mediated charge recombination. In this work, we demonstrate a vapor-based amino-silane passivation that reduces photovoltage deficits to around 100 millivolts (>90% of the thermodynamic limit) in perovskite solar cells of bandgaps between 1.6 and 1.8 electron volts, which is crucial for tandem applications. A primary-, secondary-, or tertiary-amino–silane alone negatively or barely affected perovskite crystallinity and charge transport, but amino-silanes that incorporate primary and secondary amines yield up to a 60-fold increase in photoluminescence quantum yield and preserve long-range conduction. Amino-silane–treated devices retained 95% power conversion efficiency for more than 1500 hours under full-spectrum sunlight at 85°C and open-circuit conditions in ambient air with a relative humidity of 50 to 60%.
物理学Physics
Global band convergence design for high-performance thermoelectric power generation in Zintls
Zintls高性能热电发电的全球波段收敛设计
作者：XIN SHI, SHAOWEI SONG, GUANHUI GAO, AND ZHIFENG REN
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn7265
▲ 摘要：
