《科学》（20240712出版）一周论文导读

 
《科学》（20240712出版）一周论文导读  
 

 

编译|未玖

Science,  12 JUL 2024, VOL 385, ISSUE 6705

《科学》2024年7月12日，第385卷，6705期

物理学Physics

Structured electrons with chiral mass and charge

具有手性质量和电荷的结构电子

▲ 作者：YIQI FANG, JOEL KUTTRUFF, DAVID NABBEN, AND PETER BAUM

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adp9143

▲摘要：

手性是一种在基础物理学、材料科学、化学、光学和光谱学中具有广泛关联的现象。

这项工作中，研究组证明了自由电子可通过激光场周期转化为质量和电荷的右旋或左旋。与相位涡旋光束相比，该电子保持了平坦的德布罗意波，但从其时空期望值的形状获得了相应的手性。

通过阿秒门控测量波函数密度，揭示了具有左旋或右旋螺距的线圈和双线圈的三维形状。具有此类或相关手性几何结构的工程基本粒子可应用于手性传感、自由电子量子光学、粒子物理学或电子显微镜等领域。

▲ Abstract：

Chirality is a phenomenon with widespread relevance in fundamental physics, material science, chemistry, optics, and spectroscopy. In this work, we show that a free electron can be converted by the field cycles of laser light into a right-handed or left-handed coil of mass and charge. In contrast to phase-vortex beams, our electrons maintained a flat de Broglie wave but obtained their chirality from the shape of their expectation value in space and time. Measurements of wave function densities by attosecond gating revealed the three-dimensional shape of coils and double coils with left-handed or right-handed pitch. Engineered elementary particles with such or related chiral geometries should be useful for applications in chiral sensing, free-electron quantum optics, particle physics or electron microscopy.

材料科学Materials Science

A crystal capping layer for formation of black-phase FAPbI3 perovskite in humid air

在潮湿空气中形成黑相FAPbI3钙钛矿的晶体覆盖层

▲ 作者：YU ZOU, WENJIN YU, HAOQING GUO, QIZHI LI, XIANGDONG LI, LIANG LI, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn9646

▲摘要：

黑相甲脒碘化铅（α-FAPbI3）钙钛矿是光伏应用的理想相，但水会引发诸如δ-FAPbI3光惰性杂质相的形成。

研究组表明，钙钛矿制造的经典溶剂系统加剧了这种可重复性挑战。传统配位溶剂二甲亚砜（DMSO）因其吸湿性，在高相对湿度（RH）条件下促进了δ-FAPbI3的形成。

研究组引入含氯有机分子来形成覆盖层，阻止水分渗透，同时保留基于DMSO的配合物来调节晶体生长。所得钙钛矿太阳能电池在20%至60% RH下的能量转换效率>24.5%，在80% RH下为23.4%。在最大功率点运行500小时后，未封装设备在空气中（40至60% RH）仍保留96%的初始性能。

▲ Abstract：

Black-phase formamidinium lead iodide (α-FAPbI3) perovskites are the desired phase for photovoltaic applications, but water can trigger formation of photoinactive impurity phases such as δ-FAPbI3. We show that the classic solvent system for perovskite fabrication exacerbates this reproducibility challenge. The conventional coordinative solvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) promoted δ-FAPbI3 formation under high relative humidity (RH) conditions because of its hygroscopic nature. We introduced chlorine-containing organic molecules to form a capping layer that blocked moisture penetration while preserving DMSO-based complexes to regulate crystal growth. We report power conversion efficiencies of >24.5% for perovskite solar cells fabricated across an RH range of 20 to 60%, and 23.4% at 80% RH. The unencapsulated device retained 96% of its initial performance in air (with 40 to 60% RH) after 500-hour maximum power point operation.

Partitioning polar-slush strategy in relaxors leads to large energy-storage capability

弛豫器的极性雪泥态区块化策略可实现大储能容量

▲ 作者：LIANG SHU, XIAOMING SHI, XIN ZHANG, ZIQI YANG, WEI LI, YUNPENG MA, ET AL.

▲链接：

https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adn8721

▲摘要：