《科学》（20240524出版）一周论文导读
Science, 24 MAY 2024, Volume 384 Issue 6698
《科学》2024年5月24日，第384卷，6698期
天文学Astronomy
Strong damped Lyman-α absorption in young star-forming galaxies at redshifts 9 to 11
在红移9到11的年轻恒星形成星系中强烈阻尼的莱曼α吸收
▲ 作者：KASPER E. HEINTZ, DARACH WATSON et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adj0343
▲ 摘要：
我们分析了韦布空间望远镜（JWST）拍摄到的红移为±8的遥远星系的近红外光谱。从包含12个星系的样本中，我们确定了3个由于其局部环境中的中性原子氢而表现出强烈的阻尼莱曼α吸收的星系。
这些星系的光谱红移值分别为8.8、10.2和11.4，对应于宇宙大爆炸后的4亿到6亿年。它们的中性原子氢密度≥1022 cm?2，这比预期中的中性星系间介质要高一个数量级，并且构成了一个富含气体的年轻恒星形成星系群。
▲ Abstract：
We analyzed James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) near-infrared spectroscopy of distant galaxies, at redshifts ?8. From a sample of 12 galaxies, we identified three that show strong damped Lyman-α absorption due to H i in their local surroundings. The galaxies are located at spectroscopic redshifts of 8.8, 10.2, and 11.4, corresponding to 400 to 600 million years after the Big Bang. They have H i column densities ?1022 cm?2, which is an order of magnitude higher than expected for a fully neutral intergalactic medium, and constitute a gas-rich population of young star-forming galaxies.
材料科学Materials Science
Unrecoverable lattice rotation governs structural degradation of single-crystalline cathodes
不可恢复的晶格旋转控制着单晶阴极的结构退化
▲ 作者：WEIYUAN HUANG, TONGCHAO LIU et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado1675
▲ 摘要：
利用多尺度空间分辨率衍射和成像技术，我们观察到晶格旋转在单晶阴极中普遍存在，并在结构退化中起关键作用。
这些晶格旋转被证明是不可恢复的，并且在重复的循环中控制着不利晶格畸变的积累，导致结构和机械退化以及容量加速衰退。这些发现弥补了之前在快速性能失效和原子尺度结构退化之间的机制联系方面存在的知识差距。
▲ Abstract：
Leveraging multiscale spatial resolution diffraction and imaging techniques, we observe that lattice rotations occur universally in single-crystalline cathodes and play a pivotal role in the structure degradation. These lattice rotations prove unrecoverable and govern the accumulation of adverse lattice distortions over repeated cycles, contributing to structural and mechanical degradation and fast capacity fade. These findings bridge the previous knowledge gap that exists in the mechanistic link between fast performance failure and atomic-scale structure degradation.
Synthesis and characterization of low-dimensional N-heterocyclic carbene lattices
低维氮杂环卡宾晶格的合成与表征
▲ 作者：BOYU QIE, ZIYI WANG et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm9814
▲ 摘要：
在此，我们展示了一种模块化的方法来设计一维金属有机链和二维Kagome晶格，使用NHC-Au-NHC结的FMOs来创建具有固有金属性的低维分子网络。
扫描隧道光谱和第一性原理密度泛函理论揭示了C–Au–C π-键态对具有极小功函数的一维和二维NHC晶格色散带的贡献。
▲ Abstract：
Here we demonstrate a modular approach to engineering one-dimensional (1D) metal-organic chains and two-dimensional (2D) Kagome lattices using the FMOs of NHC–Au–NHC junctions to create low-dimensional molecular networks exhibiting intrinsic metallicity. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy and first-principles density functional theory reveal the contribution of C–Au–C π-bonding states to dispersive bands that imbue 1D- and 2D-NHC lattices with exceptionally small work functions.
医学Medicine
Impact of early visual experience on later usage of color cues
早期视觉经验对后期色彩线索使用的影响
▲ 作者：MARIN VOGELSANG, LUKAS VOGELSANG et al.
▲ 链接：
https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk9587
▲ 摘要：
