《科学》（20240906出版）一周论文导读
编译｜李言
Science, 6 SEP 2024, Volume 385 Issue 6713
《科学》2024年9月6日，第385卷，6713期
物理学Physics
Achieving optical transparency in live animals with absorbing molecules
通过吸收分子实现活体动物的光学透明
▲ 作者：ZIHAO OU, YI-SHIOU DUH et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adm6869
▲ 摘要：在此。我们报告一反直觉的观察，即强吸收分子可以在活体动物中实现光学透明。我们探索了这一观察背后的物理原理，发现当强吸收分子溶解在水中时，它们可以通过Kramers-Kronig关系改变水介质的折射率，以匹配高折射率组织成分（如脂类）的折射率。
我们已经证明，我们的直接方法可以可逆地使活体小鼠身体透明，从而使大范围的深层结构和活动变得可视化。这项研究表明，寻找高性能光学清除剂应该集中在强吸收分子上。
▲ Abstract：We report the counterintuitive observation that strongly absorbing molecules can achieve optical transparency in live animals. We explored the physics behind this observation and found that when strongly absorbing molecules dissolve in water, they can modify the refractive index of the aqueous medium through the Kramers-Kronig relations to match that of high-index tissue components such as lipids. We have demonstrated that our straightforward approach can reversibly render a live mouse body transparent to allow visualization of a wide range of deep-seated structures and activities. This work suggests that the search for high-performance optical clearing agents should focus on strongly absorbing molecules.
Phantom energy in the nonlinear response of a quantum many-body scar state
量子多体疤痕态非线性响应中的幽灵能量
▲ 作者：KANGNING YANG, YICHENG ZHANG et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk8978
▲摘要：在这项研究中，我们使用具有吸引相互作用的镝气体来制造疤痕状态，这些状态足够稳定，可以在保持其特性的同时被驱动到强非线性状态。我们测量了淬灭约束势后，动能和总能量的变化。
尽管裸相互作用是有吸引力的，但原子的行为似乎是相互排斥的：它们的动能随着气体被压缩而反常地减少。缺失的“幽灵”能量是通过将我们的实验结果与广义流体力学计算相比较来进行基准测试。我们提供的证据表明，缺失的动能是由未被检测到的高动量原子携带的。
▲ Abstract：In this study, we used attractively interacting dysprosium gases to create scar states that are stable enough to be driven into a strongly nonlinear regime while retaining their character. We measured how the kinetic and total energies evolve after quenching the confining potential. Although the bare interactions are attractive, the atoms behave as if they repel each other: Their kinetic energy paradoxically decreases as the gas is compressed. The missing “phantom” energy is quantified by benchmarking our experimental results against generalized hydrodynamics calculations. We present evidence that the missing kinetic energy is carried by undetected, very high momentum atoms.
天文学Astronomy
Returned samples indicate volcanism on the Moon 120 million years ago
带回的样本表明1.2亿年前月球上有火山活动
▲ 作者：BI-WEN WANG, QIAN W. L. ZHANG et al.
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adk6635
▲摘要：我们研究了嫦娥五号收集的月球土壤样品中的约3000个玻璃珠，并根据它们的质地、化学成分和硫同位素确定了其中3个发源于火山活动。3个火山玻璃珠的铀铅测年表明它们形成于1.2（±0.15）亿年前。这些火山玻璃珠中稀土元素和钍元素的丰度较高，表明这种近代火山活动可能与岩浆地幔源局部富集生热元素有关。
▲ Abstract：We investigated ~3000 glass beads in lunar soil samples collected by the Chang’e-5 mission and identified three as having a volcanic origin on the basis of their textures, chemical compositions, and sulfur isotopes. Uranium-lead dating of the three volcanic glass beads shows that they formed 123 ± 15 million years ago. We measured high abundances of rare earth elements and thorium in these volcanic glass beads, which could indicate that such recent volcanism was related to local enrichment of heat-generating elements in the mantle sources of the magma.
地球科学Earth Science
The economic impacts of ecosystem disruptions: Costs from substituting biological pest control
生态系统被破坏的经济影响:替代生物虫害防治的成本
▲ 作者：EYAL G. FRANK
▲ 链接：https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adg0344
